c. tendon sheaths A they are microscopic cavities c. The bone moves away from the body B nasal cavities a. epicranius occipitalis ABCDT(K)2931023P(kPa)100V(cm3)500. Which of the following are cartilaginous joints? Which of the following are correctly paired? They are characterized by the presence of a joint cavity, inside which articular surfaces of the bones move against one another. The parts, which are always built in advance of the surgery, are sometimes custom made to produce the best possible fit for a patient. Movement at the hip joint does not have as wide a range of motion as at the . B symphysis/discs of cartilage Condyloid joints are found where the shallow depression of one bone receives a rounded bony area formed by one or two bones. b. shape of articular surfaces c. the glenohumeral joint Diarthroses are freely movable articulations. C compact bone in flat and irregular bones B increasing protein synthesis The acetabulum of the pelvis is reshaped and a replacement socket is fitted into its place. This creates a situation in which the cartilage and fibrous capsule can move and stretch. It is a connective tissue sac that surrounds a muscle tendon at places where the tendon crosses a joint. D manubrium, Which statement is NOT true of the rib cage? In contrast, the deep socket of the acetabulum and the strong supporting ligaments of the hip joint serve to constrain movements of the femur, reflecting the need for stability and weight-bearing ability at the hip. Which type of synovial joint allows for the widest range of motion? A mushroom that you see above the ground is actually a a. basidiospore. Ligaments are classified as extrinsic ligaments if they are located outside of the articular capsule, intrinsic ligaments if they are fused to the wall of the articular capsule, or intracapsular ligaments if they are located inside the articular capsule. d. biaxial, An example of an interosseus fibrous joint is ________. Joint fluid is a transudate of plasma that is actively secreted by synovial cells. A temporal and occipital A submuscular bursa is found between a muscle and an underlying bone, or between adjacent muscles. A calcium and Vitamin D a. Perimysium Friction between the bones at a synovial joint is prevented by the presence of the articular cartilage, a thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the entire articulating surface of each bone. C frontal d. bone ends covered with hyaline cartilage, d. bone ends covered with hyaline cartilage, Tendon sheaths ________. a. a. Gliding movements occur at the intercarpal and intertarsal joints. False True/False A slightly moveable amphiarthrosis provides for small movements while maintaining stability between adjacent bones as in the vertebral column. b. b. bulky hip and thigh muscles surrounding the joint They change (increase or decrease) the angle between two bones. B PTH increases the reabsorption of calcium from bones A) All synovial joints are freely movable. They provide a wide range of motion and flexibility. b. the insertion C calcitonin helps keep calcium and bones b. (b) the presence of vestigial eyes in cave salamanders The different types of synovial joints are the ball-and-socket joint (shoulder joint), hinge joint (knee), pivot joint (atlantoaxial joint, between C1 and C2 vertebrae of the neck), condyloid joint (radiocarpal joint of the wrist), saddle joint (first carpometacarpal joint, between the trapezium carpal bone and the first metacarpal bone, at the base of the thumb), and plane joint (facet joints of vertebral column, between superior and inferior articular processes). b. synovial membranes Speech and sound generation O B. B bone Planar Joints Planar joints have bones with articulating surfaces that are flat or slightly curved faces. c. a long band of collagen fibers that connect the hip to the knee The bone tissue underlying the damaged articular cartilage also responds by thickening, producing irregularities and causing the articulating surface of the bone to become rough or bumpy. d. abductor, The segment of a myofibirl that is called a sarcomere runs from As a result, not all ACh can find a receptor. c. They allow movement only in one plane. b. Epimysium Saddle joints have concave and convex surfaces. True or False: Supination is the movement of the forearm in which the palm of the hand is turned anteriorly or superiorly. C GH c. Sarcomeres In the classification of joints, which of the following is true? b. the triceps brachii is the synergist, and the brachialis is the prime mover b. uniaxial Explain the statement, All proteins are polypeptides but not all polypeptides are proteins. At synovial joints, the articular surfaces of bones are covered with smooth articular cartilage. Which of the following provides evidence for evolution? Synovial Joints: Synovial joints are joints in the body that are freely movable and classified as diarthrotic. a. location The ability of the bones to move smoothly against each other within the joint cavity, and the freedom of joint movement this provides, means that each synovial joint is functionally classified as a diarthrosis. Joint replacement is a very invasive procedure, so other treatments are always tried before surgery. Most joints are synovial joints, such as knees and knuckles. Answer the following question to test your understanding of the preceding section: This causes the myofilaments to shorten, which pulls the Z disks closer together to shorten the sarcomere and the entire muscle. b. provides the base for bone cells to produce new bone.c.is the structure into which granulation tissue grows. C the marrow cavity in the diaphysis Inflammation occurs in the joint, and the fluid that accumulates causes swelling, stiffness, impairment of joint movement, and extreme pain. Planar, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, and ball-and-socket are all types of synovial joints. a. fiber A small intestine All synovial joints are freely movable. B 7, 5, 3 A middle ear Watch this video to see an animation of synovial joints in action. Ligaments hold the bones together and also serve to resist or prevent excessive or abnormal movements of the joint. B frontal C floating ribs C hinge The Cardiovascular System: Blood, Chapter 19. b. Muscles obtain their energy through anaerobic respiration of glucose; this is beneficial because anaerobic repsiration can generate energy quickly Which of the following statements is correct? b. feet These structures can serve several functions, depending on the specific joint. B zygomatic So here's like a shoulder, and then this is gonna be the synovial fluid in between the joint. The type of joint between the carpal (trapezium) and the first metacarpal is a ________ joint. Based on the structure of the joint, the sagittal suture (between parietal bones of cranium) is classified as a: Definition. A 5,3, 2 Synovial joints are enclosed by a capsule. Synovial fluid is a vicious material that is derived by filtration from blood True True/False The articular surfaces of synovial joints play a minimal role in joint stability True True/False The major role of ligaments at synovial joints in to unite bones and prevent undesirable movement. Shoulder Subcutaneous bursae are found under the skin. B the mucus produced by their epithelium may block their outlets b. less mobile than arm joints. Which are the least mobile of all synovial joints? B the ribs articulate with the thoracic vertebrae a. a. the amount of muscle tone applied to tendons that cross the joint d. deep socket of the joint and strong capsular ligaments, d. deep socket of the joint and strong capsular ligaments. However, unlike at a cartilaginous joint, the articular cartilages of each bone are not continuous with each other. Friction between the bones is reduced by a thin layer of articular cartilage covering the surfaces of the bones, and by a lubricating synovial fluid, which is secreted by the synovial membrane. d. tendon sheath. For example, in hip arthroplasty, the worn or damaged parts of the hip joint, including the head and neck of the femur and the acetabulum of the pelvis, are removed and replaced with artificial joint components. a. biaxial joint; permits movement in one plane and around one axis Flex Relief XL. Which statement is true of the cells of bone? If a torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is not properly repaired, the consequences could include the inability to prevent ________. Freely movable (synovial) joints are most abundant and include six types: pivot, hinge, condyloid, saddle, plane, and ball-and-socket joints. Synovial joints are directly supported by ligaments, which span between the bones of the joint. The mysosin heads propel the actin myofilaments toward the center of the sarcomere; this pulls the Z disks closer together, which shortens the sarcomere and the entire muscle D it is not made of osteons and is found within flat and irregular bones. The knuckle (metacarpophalangeal) joints of the hand between the distal end of a metacarpal bone and the proximal phalanx are condyloid joints. This type of joint is found between the articular processes of adjacent vertebrae, at the acromioclavicular joint, or at the intercarpal joints of the hand and intertarsal joints of the foot. A calcitonin contributes to the maintenance of a strong bone matrix \hline & T(\mathbf{K}) & P\left(\mathbf{k} \mathbf{P}_{\mathbf{a}}\right) & V\left(\mathbf{c m}^{3}\right) \\ a. Bursae are flattened fibrous sacs wedged between adjacent structures, while tendon sheaths are elongated fibrous sacs that wrap around tendons. c. ligaments connecting the two bones of the joint They are enclosed by a capsule. d. Synchondroses, Which of the following is NOT strictly a part of a synovial joint? B atlas and axis FIGURE 2-28 Problem 27. a. synovial d. Neurons that innervate muscles, What is the name of the connective tissue that surrounds the muscle as a whole? A. At a plane joint (gliding joint), the articulating surfaces of the bones are flat or slightly curved and of approximately the same size, which allows the bones to slide against each other (see Figure 9.4.3d). Examples include the subacromial bursa that protects the tendon of shoulder muscle as it passes under the acromion of the scapula, and the suprapatellar bursa that separates the tendon of the large anterior thigh muscle from the distal femur just above the knee. D fibroblasts, The type of bone tissue that contains red bone marrow is: Synovial joints are places where bones articulate with each other inside of a joint cavity. d. Sarcolemmas, According to the sliding-filament model of contraction, how does muscle contraction occur? In . c. the extracapsular ligament True or False: The gripping of the trochlea by the trochlear notch constitutes the "hinge" for the elbow joint. c. forward sliding of the tibia on the femur C PTH and GH B the secondary center of ossification in the distal ephysis Which system of the body malfunctions in rheumatoid arthritis and what does this cause? a. synovial fluid b. Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum c. amphiarthrosis Sutural joints are present between cranial bones of the skull. a. the lateral patellar retinacula Both condyloid and saddle joints are functionally classified as biaxial joints. It provides nutrients and lubrication for articular cartilage. c. They contain myofilaments necessary for muscle contraction At other synovial joints, the disc can provide shock absorption and cushioning between the bones, which is the function of each meniscus within the knee joint. A hinge joints The articulating surfaces of the bones are covered by articular cartilage, a thin layer of hyaline cartilage. C \rightarrow D \\ d. complete tetanus, How do the muscles of a sprinter running the 400-yard dash in 50 seconds receive most of their energy? b. synarthroses, amphiarthroses Anatomy & Physiology by Lindsay M. Biga, Sierra Dawson, Amy Harwell, Robin Hopkins, Joel Kaufmann, Mike LeMaster, Philip Matern, Katie Morrison-Graham, Devon Quick & Jon Runyeon is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. B temporal and mandible Synovial joints are subdivided based on the shapes of the articulating surfaces of the bones that form each joint. A thyroxine increases energy production from all foods a. are extensions of periosteum An impulse tiggers the release of acetylcholine (ACh), which diffuses across the synaptic cleft to stimulate the sarcolemma to release ATP. Pivot joints only allow for rotation around a single axis. A all cartilage is replaced by bone d. uniaxial joint; permits only slipping or gliding movements, c. multiaxial movement; movement in all three planes and around all three axes, Which of the following is a feature of synovial joints? c. one A band to the next A band True or False: A ball-and-socket joint is a multiaxial joint. Gleno-humeral joint is a ball and socket joint. D the hip joint is considered weight bearing, Which statement is NOT true of the shoulder and hip joints? C parietal and mandible A suture is a type of fibrous joint that is only found in the skull (cranial bones+facial bones). B phosphorus- becomes part of bone matrix b. saddle Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body (Figure 9.4.1). Maggie is a 28-year-old Caucasian woman who has newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Select one: O A. Articular cartilage is a critical component of the synovial membrane that provides lubrication to the joint by releasing lubricin O B. Synovial fluid contains phagocytic cells that protect the cavity from invasion by microbes or other debris O C. The major role of Show transcribed image text Expert Answer

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