Harding, S. E., & Simpkin, N. J. Article Hrabchak C, Flynn L, Woodhouse KA. ; van Nostrum, C.F. Chem. The 70-kDa FITC dextran reached the jejunum after 15 min and passed the entire small intestine within 1 h after its administration, demonstrating that 4-kDa FITC dextran measured in plasma 1 h after its oral application is a marker of small intestinal permeability. (1954). Gold MH, Biron JA. ; Tsuchiya, H.M.; Rist, C.E. Pharmaceutical Quality Dextran 40 is available from Pharmacosmos as active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) as excipient for final formulation, drug product, for medical devices, for production of solutions for injection and infusion and much more. Viscosity of in water solution polysaccharides depends on intrinsic characteristics of the biopolymer (such as molecular weight, volume, size, shape, surface charge, deformation facility, esterification degree, and galacturonic content) and on ambient factors (such as pH, temperature, ionic strength, solvent, etc.). This study demonstrated that hydrodynamic volume and radius of gyration of a dextran sample with M w < 20 kDa and its linear counterpart with equal M w are almost J. Phys. Anal. Human cadaver skin has been confirmed as alive skin tissue through analysis of its morphology and enzymes, and its usefulness as an alternative skin membrane in drug permeation experiments has been verified [20]. Drug Discov Today Technol. Journal of Chemical Education, 49(8), 577-579. Microneedles and their applications. 2012;9(2):14754. Alternatives to animal testing: a review. Kuge Takashi; Kimie Kobayashi; Shinichi Kitamura; Hiroshi Tanahashi. Macromolecules, 33, 5730-5739. (2000). Microporation was performed 2, 5, and 10 times on each sample. A simple way of universalizing the measurements is shown in figure 4 where there is a curve at each temperature for every molecular weight. For rigid macromolecules, it is also conventional to combine a solution property with the volume of the particle itself, or with a quantity directly derived from it [54, 55, 56]. (2004). Pharm Res. 1994, 95-0355. Furthermore, the influence of temperature on the intrinsic viscosity is given by the chain flexibility parameter (dln[]/dT), which gives information about the conformation of the macromolecule chain in solution [62]. Transdermal drug delivery: overcoming the skins barrier function. WebThe micelles produced at pH 4.6 have a spherical shape and their size is dependent on the Maillard reaction: reaction time, molar ratio of casein to dextran, and molecular weight of dextran used. Advances in chemistry series Washington, DC: American Chemical Society., pp. Mainaa, Ndegwa Henry; Pitknen, Leena; Heikkinen, Sami; Tuomainen; Pivi; Virkki, Liisa; Tenkanen, Maija (2014). Journal of Colloid Science, 31, 308-328. Many works are aimed at determining molecular weights [1, 7, 26], hydrodynamic radius, among other parameters for characterizing the physics and chemistry properties of dextran in solution. 4K was 10.611.68 and 13.440.18M in human and pig skin, respectively. American Journal of Food Science and Technology 2013, 1(3), 60-66. The regeneration process of the skin is regulated by growth factors such as keratinocyte growth factor and fibroblast growth factor, which trigger the proliferation and migration of cells [23, 24]. TEWL values before and immediately after microporation on human cadaver skin according to the number of times microproration was done (n=3). Analytical Chemistry. @ Nilimesh See attached. Privacy Hydrodynamic properties, such as the intrinsic viscosity, [], and equilibrium solution properties such as the hydrodynamic radius RH can be combined to construct dimensionless quantities that are universal since they are of being independent of the macromolecular particle size, while they depend more or less sensitively on its shape [51]. Int. The optical image and histological analysis confirmed that the micropores on the skin were recovered over time. Biotechnology Progress, 19, 544-548. HSE and DK helped to porate the skin and to measure TEWL. The exponent a is a function of polymer geometry, and varies from 0.5 to 2 and exponent is dimensionless. European Polymer Journal, 37, 619-622. Surface morphology study of dextran by scanning electron microscopy showed the porous web like structure. ; Wood, P.J. Fixable: Fixable via Lysine. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. WebThis value is sensible given that i j = 0 and that the search radius of the clustering algorithm is slightly larger than the average segment length of our Dextran model (b 5.5 nm). In contrast to linear chains, power law behavior is observed only asymptotically at large Mv. The intrinsic viscosity classical theory of random coils at conditions []0 predicts the quotient a0 = d ln[]0/d ln M to decrease from unity to 0.5 as the chain length increases. When applied to adherent cell cultures, the APGD-t is capable of inducing temporary cell permeabilization. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Keywords: intrinsic viscosity, dextrans, Mark-Houwink parameters, hydrodynamic, temperature, Journal of Polymer and Biopolymer Physics Chemistry, 2013 1 (1), The Mark-Houwink parameters and the effect of temperature on them are specifically studied. 2016;47:15964. Dextran Utilization During Its Synthesis by Weissella cibaria RBA12 Can Be Overcome by Fed-Batch Fermentation in a Bioreactor. Dynamic light scattering study confirmed the mono-disperse nature of dextran with hydrodynamic radius of 900 nm. 2004;25(9):155967. Conducting a comparative analysis of the data shown in Table 1 can observer that parameter data Mark-Houwink a, obtained by these authors are very similar to that obtained in this work, which affirms its validity. The hydrodynamic 57 radius of the dextranase is 7 DLS tests were conducted at detection angle of 90 (standard) and 173 (backscatter) to measure protein hydrodynamic radius, while protein charge was examined in phase analysis light scattering (PALS) mode at detection angle of 15 (forward). WebThe Stokes radius or StokesEinstein radius of a solute is the radius of a hard sphere that diffuses at the same rate as that solute. Because of the recent animal protection rules which have restricted animal experiments [19], we used human cadaver skin as an alternative to animals. Dextrans in Aqueous Solution. For a limited temperature range, the viscosity of a polymer solution varies generally following a relation similar to that of usual liquids (rrhenius plot), where the polymer concentration is not very high and that temperature remains far enough from glass transition [38], and for system PEAorganic solvents see reference [63]. On single point determination of intrinsic viscosity. The measurements of dextrans molecular weight were determined by size exclusion HPLC (Gilson, France) with Refraction Index detector using a Polysep-GFC-P5000 column (7.8030 mm). Dextran produced from Weissella cibaria JAG8 was purified and characterized. We offer more than 50 fluorescent and biotinylated dextran conjugates in several molecular weight ranges. An official website of the United States government. Web54 we estimated that the hydrodynamic radii of 3-5 kDa dextran, 20 kDa dextran, and 70 kDa dextran are 2 55 nm, 5 nm, and 6 nm, respectively. par | Juil 2, 2022 | mitchell wesley carlson charged | justin strauss net worth | Juil 2, 2022 | mitchell wesley carlson charged | justin strauss net worth Thermo Fisher Scientific. It has been found that, when applied to water treatment, it can effectively act on refractory organic matter in wastewater through thermal decomposition and water molecular action to produce free 4K and M.W. The results are shown to be in good agreement with available hydrodynamic models for spherical solutes in cylindrical pores with the effective solute to pore size ratio evaluated using a partitioning model which implicitly Kasaai, M. R.; Arul, J.; Charlet, G. (2000). Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. The reason for a nonlinear Mark-Houwink relationship is confirmed by the intrinsic viscosity which in contrast with scaling prediction shows no power law behavior. Ghimici, Luminita; Nichifor, Marieta; Wolf, Bernhard (2009). Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. (2008). Smith, David R.; Raymonda, John W. (1972). Exp Cell Res. Dextran (DX) is one type of EPS synthesized by LAB in the presence of sucrose (R g), radius of hydrodynamic (R h), polymer conformation parameter ( = R g /R h), intrinsic viscosity ([]), Mark-Houwink coefficient () and branching degree of DXs of RPYs prepared under different conditions. Article After 8h, the micropore became more distorted from the previous circle, suggesting that the micropores were closing. Die Makromolekulare Chemie, 148(1), 229-238. Fractional thermolysis by bipolar radiofrequency facilitates cutaneous delivery of peptide and siRNA with minor loss of barrier function. Crini, G. (2005). Vemulapalli V, Bai Y, Kalluri H, Herwadkar A, Kim H, Davis SP, Friden PM, Banga AK. 2012;101(8):28619. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Use of the single point method is correct because it is based in the Huggins method (HM); owing the HM requiring many viscosity and density measurements (at least four) for each Mw, but Solomon Ciuta method with a single measure is sufficient. These results are in agreement with a previous study which suggested that the microporation using radiofrequency causes disruption of the SC, enabling the percutaneous permeation of the FITC-dextran [21]. Ionic Polymers Based on Dextran: Hydrodynamic Properties in Aqueous Solution and Solvent Mixtures. After the pore closure examination, each sample was stored in a 10% neutral buffered formalin awaiting haematoxylin/eosin (H&E) staining. 20K groups (n=3, *: p<0.05, **: p<0.01). This conjecture found to be correct. 2005;304(1):27486. Polyelectrolytes as secondary calibration standards for aqueous SEC. (1937). The cumulative permeation of FITC-dextran 10 K was 4.82 0.32 M, in the human skin and 5.92 0.46 M in the pig skin. 2012;87(6):1728. 2003;89(2):31120. De Belder, A.N. Physicochemical studies of oligodextran. RBECs were passaged onto cell culture inserts as described and cultured for a further 714 days in vitro. Ann Surg Oncol. WebThe micelles produced at pH 4.6 have a spherical shape and their size is dependent on the Maillard reaction: reaction time, molar ratio of casein to dextran, and molecular weight of dextran used. Durand, A. Ed., 9(2), 85-90. Journal of Physical Chemistry, 58(11), 953-957. European. Table 2 compares the properties of nanoparticles coated with one or other polymer. Cite this article. The Viscosity of Dilute Solutions of Long-Chain Molecules. In vivo iontophoretic delivery of salmon calcitonin across microporated skin. 2013 May;64(3):346-54. doi: 10.3109/09637486.2012.734289. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 38, 2591-2598. dextran hydrodynamic radius. Thus, it is a common practice to express the frictional coefficient of rigid structures as. The biological activity of cationic liposomes in drug delivery and toxicity test in animal models. Dextran Specifications: Label (Ex/Em): Fluorescein (494/521) Size: 40,000 MW. Recent Pat. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. Radiofrequency ablation of malignant liver tumors. Ibrahim O, Munavalli GS, Dover JS. Drug deliv. National Library of Medicine Just in case anyone wants to use a different molecular weight to estimate the hydrodynamic size: the calculator is integrated into the classic Zeta Colloid Polym. Progress in Biophysical Molecules Biological, 68, 207-262. European Polymer Journal, 43, 1744-1753. Thus, it is accepted that, for every flexible-chain polymer in a (ideal) solvent, there is a universal value of 0 = 2.1-2.5x1023mol-1 [52]. European Polymer Journal, 42, 1086-1092. Using the polymer standards, a plot of the ln [] vs ln Mw usually gives a straight line. 24h after microporation, the pore sizes reduced from 64.8817.20m (0h) to 48.854.27m (24h), and the pore depths reduced from 83.9120.56m (0h) to 63.9527.61m (24h). Degrees of long-chain branching in dextrans. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40824-020-00201-7, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40824-020-00201-7. Kloster, C.; Bica C.; Rochas C.; Samios, D.; Geissler, E. (2000). Barrier integrity was examined using Tewameter to confirm the poration of human cadaver skin using a microporation device. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 42, 133-137. In this work, hydrodynamic properties are investigated in different dextran aqueous solutions with different molecular weights (8.8-2000kDa), in a temperature range from 20C to 50C. The fact that the intrinsic viscosity of a given polymer sample is different according to the solvent used gives and insight about the general shape of polymer molecules in solution. Dextran is a branched polysaccharide, composed of -D-glucopyranosyl residues. Intrinsic viscosity determination offers a simple and useful method that requires low cost equipment and yields useful information on soluble macromolecules. 4h after microporation, the sizes of the micropore decreased slightly. Measurements were made with a Ubbelohde C type suspended level viscometer [57] (IVA, Argentina); with a diameter capillary of 0.81mm and water draining time of 35.89s at 20C, with viscometer constant of 0.027883 mm2/s [58]. In this work, the human cadaver skin was treated to confirm the skin regeneration after the application of the microporation device. In this work, we evaluate the maximum radius of macromolecules able to enter into HeLa cells following a plasma treatment using a size exclusion approach with dextran molecules. Effect of temperature on the intrinsic viscosity and conformation of chitosan in dilute HCl solution. Sintov AC, Krymberk I, Daniel D, Hannan T, Sohn Z, Levin G. Radiofrequency-driven skin microchanneling as a new way for electrically assisted transdermal delivery of hydrophilic drugs. Determination of polymer structure by Gel Permeation Chromatography. Colloid and Polymer Science, 286, 1223-1231. Springer Nature. Here we have the hydrodynamic radius estimate for the 3kDa dextran and 1.5 kDa dextran by the Zetasizer calculator, thanks to Alan. Alan F Rawle, t Synthesis of water-soluble and water-insoluble amphiphilic derivatives of dextran in organic medium. Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), a common phenomenon that can produce local excessive temperature, high pressure and large amount of energy. The above data are not useful because it can not be compared with those obtained in this work. Calculation of MarkHouwinkSakurada (MHS) equation viscometric constants for chitosan in any solventtemperatura system using experimental reported viscometric constants data. Materiaux 1-5. The dextran used is from Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-512F which is essentially a linear -(1-6)-linked glucose chain with however a low percentage (2-5%) of -(1-3) branches distributed along the chain4. Antoniou, E.; Buitrago, C. F.; Tsianou, M.; Alexandridis, P. (2010). ; Veldhuis, T.F.J. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 41, 1260-1267. (2003). The Principle of the Suspended Level: Applications to the Measurement of Viscosity and Other Properties of Liquids. WebThis value is sensible given that i j = 0 and that the search radius of the clustering algorithm is slightly larger than the average segment length of our Dextran model (b 5.5 nm). However, when molecules deviate from globular to non-spherical or elongated structures then Rg/Rh tend to values upwards of Ghimici, Luminita; Nichifora, Marieta; Eich, Andreas; Wolf, Bernhard A. The importance of this type of study lies in the analysis of the polysaccharide behavior at industrial processes, the requirements to reduce energy, avoid flow problems and product quality control. Named after George Gabriel Stokes, it is closely related to solute mobility, factoring in not only size but also solvent effects.A smaller ion with stronger hydration, for example, may have a greater Stokes radius than a larger ion with Eremeeva, T. E.; Bykova, T. O. Hi Alan F Rawle sir, Can you help me in calculating the size of dextran 6 (molecular weight= 6000) and dextran 70 (molecular weight 70000) The Transdermal diffusion cell system was protected from light. 2012;3(1):208. The effectiveness of the RF microporation technique in transdermal drug delivery of macromolecules and hydrophilic agents such as peptides, hormones, and vaccines has been demonstrated extensively in previous studies [16,17,18]. ; Ross-Murphy, S.B. AATEX. At 25C both values of a and kM-H are within the range reported by [3, 8, 16]. One day before the experiment, the skin was stabilized in the skin culture medium. Pharm Res. Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea, LG electronics, 19 Yangjae-daero 11-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06772, Republic of Korea, You can also search for this author in 43-1, 115-147. Huggins equation [41] gives the relation to the relative viscosity increase (i). The human skins were from the back or thigh of a 24-year-old woman. A single frequency laser is directed to the sample contained in a cuvette. Theory, Estimation, Experiment, and Data. The skin culture medium was purchased from Biopredic International (Saint-Grgoire, France). Advances in Cosmetic Surgery. Polysaccharide hydrogels for modified release formulations. Macromolecules, 29, 2265-2268. Keywords: Polymer molecular weight distribution. This situation is mainly the result of using dextans, solvent, additives, etc. By studying the molecular weights of various solutions of polymer, Solomon-Ciuta arrived at the formula which allowed the calculation of the intrinsic viscosity of polymer solutions by a single viscosity determination. Naik A, Kalia YN, Guy RH. Beer, M.U. Journal of Physical Chemistry. This is because the macromolecule hydrodynamic radius changes the solution type and temperature via change in their chain exibility. The molecular mass of dextran as determined by the gel filtration and copper bicinchoninate method was approximately, 800 kDa. "Dextrans in Aqueous Solution. a-d Haematoxylin/eosin-stained histological sections of human cadaver skin sample and e quantified data using ImageJ for different time periods after microporation. 2015;23(3):2239. Ultimately they concluded that the temperature increment found to be an effective force in disturbing these interactions, mainly between polymer-polymer and polymer-solvent molecules for the used system. The Transdermal diffusion cell system (DHC-6TD, LOGAN instrument, USA) was used to assess FITC-dextran permeability in vitro.

St Luke's East Emergency Room Wait Time, How To Say Happy New Year In Karen Language, Lee Harvey Oswald Daughters Now, When Will Car Keys Express Be At Sam's Club, Elliot Williams Cnn Net Worth, Articles D