Mel, Personally, I don't really have feelings one way or another about the various 'miracles' of Guadelupe, Lordes, etc. When I think about them (w Matrix Drops cited a 20 December 2011 story for its claims that "NASA scientists" had determined the Virgen de Guadalupeto be alive. if it was an obvious image of a man with his arms stretched out, that wouldn't be real obviously, someone could paint a small man in an eye if they wanted to. The Basilica itself is one of the top tourist attractions in the country, drawing millions of visitors a year, including Pope Francis in 2016. December 7, 2020 St. Juan Diego Cuauhtlatoatzin is known for receiving the vision of Our Lady of Guadalupe. Mexico City, Mexico, Dec 10, 2021 / 08:00 am. Here is the analysis of Dr. Philip Callahan, research biologist at the University of Florida, also a painter photographer, and scientific writer, who studied the image under infared light: You have to see the image, to really appreciate what he's talking about. A book is written by the one man in the village who is mad. The image of Our Lady of Guadalupe has never dimmed in Latin America and the United States. Raul A. Reyes, a lawyer, is a member of the USA Today Board of Contributors. But it is a very explainable peice of art. But it was not the flowers, unexpected as they were, that drew the Franciscans attention. Some scholars have promoted the idea that the Virgin of Guadalupe is a Catholic adaptation of the Aztec goddess, Coatlicue Tonantzin, who is a combination of a woman and serpents, and a symbol of fertility. on writs of certiorari to the united states court of appeals for the ninth circuit [july 8, 2020] justice alito delivered the opinion of the court. 11(707)-14(710), at p.14 nt. The power of the Lady of Guadalupe resides inside the hearts of those who feel its a miracle or a sign from god. Images and icons of Our Lady of Guadalupe, also known as the Virgin of Guadalupe, are common in Mexican-American culture. Still, many are unconvinced. Try it: Did you know there is an invisible vase hovering over all our heads. Some Catholic scholars, including the former curator of the basilica Monsignor Guillermo Schulemburg, even doubt the historical existence of Juan Diego. North Bergen. Nickell, Joe. Shes still hearing us, Ms. Rosas said, and still sending us blessings.. JUREZ, Mxico (Border Report) Mientras copos de nieve caan sobre sus espaldas, un grupo de personas en fila afuera de la Catedral de Nuestra Seora de Guadalupe en Jurez bromeaban y conversaban. In August 2017, two links circulated on social media that suggested that NASA had announced it had deemed Mexico City'sOur Lady of Guadalupe tilma (a cloak or mantle made of cactus fiber upon which her face is said to be imprinted) to be "living", in that the image reacts to outside stimuli. Noonan, Peggy. Here is the analysis of Dr. Philip Callahan, research biologist at the University of Florida, also a painter photographer, and scientific writer, w Ms. Lopez added that the difference between the two is that the one in West New York is more vivid. Was the image painted or fabricated by human hands? 1985. For over six months the city offered multiple resolutions for relocating the shrine, and all of those suggestions were rejected., Filed Under: News Tagged With: Guadalupe, New jersey, Passaic, shrine, Spirit Daily is sustained by books, special reports,. StephenMetzger is Assistant Scriptorat the Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana. FOLLOW NBC NEWS LATINO ON FACEBOOK, TWITTER AND INSTAGRAM. v. agnes morrissey-berru . By the Early Modern period, devotion had grown in Spain, promoted by the Spanish kings, even decreeing that its feast day, 8 December, be observed with appropriate processions and celebrations in all parts of New Spain. The Franciscan bishops never treated him badly, on the contrary, he treated him with affection as well as with a lot of respect, and much dignity, Chvez said. Catholics, non-Catholics and even non-believers have found comfort in her, even when she is not on an altar or a church but emblazoned on a pair of dangling earrings or on a muscular forearm. . Anywhere you have more than one Mexican, whether in Toledo, Ohio or Toluca, Mexico, you will probably have a Virgin of Guadalupe sighting because of the need and desire for her presence.. Buoyed with this sign, he made his way to the bishops palace. Its the true one.. What do you think? Itspredictable.]. When I first saw bullet points about this image I was immediately fascinated. Recently our findings were confirmed when the Spanish-language magazine Proceso reported the results of a secret study of the Image of Guadalupe. According to the Latin account of this event, the whole painting had been done in an instant, in the blink of an eye. You can tell its the Virgin of Guadalupe by the way she is dressed in a cloak, Maria Julieta Baez, a West New York resident, said in Spanish. As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. Head of the ACI Prensa Office in Mexico since 2018. The bishop still did not heed this revelation, but he was intrigued enough to order his servants to follow Juan Diego to see if it really was a heavenly lady with whom he was conversing. "NASA Has Called The Image Of The Virgin Of Guadalupe Living." With all the commotion, Mr. Roque proposed transplanting the 20-foot tree with fan-shaped leaves to a nearby park. For an optimal experience visit our site on another browser. In the homes of art collectors, she is on canvases ranging from the traditional to the avant-garde. It is preceded on December 9th by the feast of St. Juan Diego, who was canonized in 2002 by Pope St. John Paul II. The Origins and Sources of a Mexican National Symbol, 1531-1797, rev. If youre already a subscriber or donor, thank you! You need to be a member in order to leave a comment. Somebody actually tried to convince me that Christianity was false by trying to prove that Constantine didn't actually see a cross in the sky A legend is written by the majority of the people in the village who are sane. The power of the Lady of Guadalupe resides inside the hearts of those who feel its a miracle or a sign from god. And it doesn't have a temperature like a human being would have, he said, dispelling a common rumor about the image. Meet Paul Haring, the CNS photographer who covered the resignation of Pope Benedict XVI and the election of Francis, numerous international papal trips and the daily action of Vatican life for over a decade. My faith and beliefs are not based on these 'miracles'. [i] She was celebrated by the U.S. Chicano civil rights movement in the 1960s and 70s, and she has been seen more recently in immigrant rights and Black Lives Matter marches. According to tradition, she filled his cloak with roses and left an image of herself on it. This is witchcraft; you are worshiping devils! bellowed Mr. Domenech, 50, of North Bergen, N.J. That remark prompted Maria Cole, one of dozens of people from West New York and nearby who had come to pray and lay flowers and votive candles by the tree, to charge at Mr. Domenech. In response, members of a group standing vigil around the tree said they had gathered 5,000 signatures on a petition demanding that the tree stay put. Chvez also pointed to the miraculous nature of the image, asking how is it possible for it to have lasted despite the fact that acid was accidentally spilled on it in 1784? If you see a colorful procession in your city or town on Tuesday, it may have to do with a venerated "lady" whose presence is ubiquitous in many Latino communities across the U.S. EIN: 22-2306795, Email us at webhelp@skepticalinquirer.org. She has been part of Mexican life for almost 500 years, and thats why both believers and non-believers respect her image," said Gutierrez. One of the oldest Marian apparitions is believed to have been witnessed in the year 40 A.D. Spirit Daily Blog. Logging in will also give you access to commenting features on our website. The "lady" helped Juan Diego arrange them in his tilma, or cloak, and he went back to his bishop. Speaking to ACI Prensa, CNA's Spanish language news partner, Chvez separated fact from fiction. A sash around her waist indicates that she is expecting a child, which is a rare depiction of the Virgin Mary as pregnant. WebAnswer (1 of 6): Given that no one has proved it, that works for me. A woman, 90, tries to hit Dante Domenech, who called the image witchcraft.. . June 2002. What these people are doing is a sin.. The story of Our Lady of Guadalupe was a driving factor in the conversion of Mexicos indigenous people to Catholicism. The image depicts the Virgin Mary according to the mystery of her most pure conception. The pink pigment appears to be inexplicable. The image of Our Lady of Guadalupe in Mexico City, Mexico. That sounds a little ridiculous. EIN 22-3696484. The blue mantle, however, is bright enough to have been laid last week. . The tilma has shown characteristics startlingly like a living human body. To have some sort of cult with concrete links to a local community was exceedingly typical. Obviously enough, the most important aspect of the event is that image, miraculously created by God in the moment immediately before Juan let the flowers drop to the floor. The standard answer to this question in the scholarly literature of the last century or so has centered on the issue of national pride. These dogmatic naturalist start with the assumption that everything has a natural explanation then desperately search for evidence to support their hypothesis. . (Ready?) It had become an important site of pilgrimage, in response to which the popes had raised it to the same level in terms of grace and indulgence available as the more famous shrine of Santiago in Compostela, Spain and the holy places of ancient Christianity in the Eternal City herself. Notarial attestations in the manuscript indicate that this Latin text was composed by Francisco de Siles, a theology professor at the Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico as well as a high-ranking official in the cathedral chapter, and copied in June 1663. Kuhn said that "colouring was not from a mineral, vegetable, or animal source".Sites also noted of a 1979 NASA analysis by an unknown person who could not explain it and was said to have had his life changed by this image. Your source for jobs, books, retreats, and much more. Anyone can read what you share. ". Our Lady of Guadalupe is usually shown looking downward in a pose of humility, with stars on her cloak and surrounded by golden rays. ]9h& f)/`=:@T15;RK;/;5%#%BV%<9,YQZ:g-;`F0n UdxeY9(h9Ca(q//|E}rbG8*In\:pD%ez QG?Oa_b]8u^D xj1pO43Rl&fV[#?v4U]M=EhR4JM2U|9;obcey:A|%o t6L`~A*2S$/|3i># aWK&y,bQ?^Jqs\k lK+( Y#*(QAy)| For Mexicans and Mexican-Americans as well as other Latinos, Our Lady of Guadalupe is a powerful symbol of devotion, identity, and patriotism. I prayed for my daddy to come home.. Its popularity was not limited solely to Europe. estate of kristen biel . It instantly became this wonderful, intimate prayer spot where they could interact with her., [Related: Our Lady of Guadalupe is the subject of a new film. God bless. Many readers may more readily recognize her European counterparts, Lourdes and Fatima, but she appeared almost 500 years ago in what is now Mexico. The missionaries of the 16th century would never have made up a costume for a pagan goddess. We also addressed some of the pseudoscience that the image has attracted. She endures so strongly in society because she represents motherhood and life-giving, said Father Johann Roten, director of research, art, and special projects at the University of Dayton. Lora, the citys newly-elected mayor who is also a minister, said he could not allow the religious display to permanently occupy public ground. This has united all the Hispanic communities, Mr. Roque said as he stood by the tree Sunday morning, accepting the thanks of several worshipers. They speak of lives brought back from the brink of death and from the depths of despair. In the 500 years since Our Lady of Guadalupe appeared, the image of Our Lady has become the subject of several popular myths and legends, especially in Mexico, where she appeared. H`RVJ'q+:_@V|q-: h5[`P_ Upon gaining an audience, he unfurled his cloak to reveal the flowers. Fr. The second time, the bishop asked for proof. Many say that a dark outline around the edge of the knot depicts the cloak the Virgin Mary wore when she first appeared in the New World. No one who has looked into the archives in Rome has been able to find anything. They arranged flowers, flags, and banners, and lined up behind vehicles bearing large images of Mexico's patron saint, Our Lady of Guadalupe. [3] F. de Florencia, La Estrella del norte de Mexico. On the morning of December 12, the vision appeared again to Juan Diego and directed him to gather flowers at the top of the hill. We provide news about the Church and the world, as seen through the teachings of the Catholic Church. Scientists have also found that the temperature of the cloth is always 36.6 degrees, the body temperature of a healthy person. The apparition appeared to Juan Diego just ten years after Spains conquest of central Mexico. Remember you told me to pray to that lady? she recalls the boy saying. The myth. This is particularly the case for the petition to Rome made in the 1660s. Our Lady of Guadalupe is one of the most famous apparitions in the world. [7] F. Gonzlez Fernndez, La Virgen de Guadalupe de Mxico y el indio Juan Diego, mito, smbolo o historia? in LOsservatore Romano. Ms. Lopez said that in 2003 she was one of thousands who saw a tree stump found in a Passaic junkyard that many believed also looked like Our Lady of Guadalupe (that shrine was vandalized in May of this year). I wanted to find out what scientist have studied this image and what have their results have been. Mayor Felix Roque said the town was spending $1,000 a day for police officers to prevent vandalism of the tree, defuse confrontations and keep traffic moving on the busy strip of Bergenline Avenue between 60th and 61st Streets. According to lore, in 1531 the mother of God appeared to a peasant named Juan Diego on a hill near present-day Mexico City and asked that he build her a shrine. As he passed over a rather desolate and barren hill about three miles from Mexico City, he heard strange music, which he could neither locate nor identify. What sets this purported appearance apart from others such as the visions in Lourdes or Fatima is that the proof that Our Lady of Guadalupe gave Juan Diego can still be seen today, on display at the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe outside Mexico City. This was probably the Aztec painter Marcos Cipac de Aquino who was active in Mexico at the time the Image of Guadalupe appeared. Miracles such as these are not intended to be the Foundation and Proof for anyone's faith. "Our ancestors are represented through her; she represents us.. 1995 - 2023 by Snopes Media Group Inc. Despite this unusual lack of any protective overcoating, the robe and mantle are as bright and colored as if the paint was newly laid. 1. We are capable of marvelous things. This presents aninexplicable phenomenon because all such pigments are semi-permanent and known to be subject to considerable fadingwith time, especially in hot climates. She's not called Coatlicue, which would be idolatry, she's called Tonantzin which isn't any kind of idolatry, but means 'our venerable mother,' and as the indigenous affectionately say, 'our dearest mother.' This image has been the tool to convert thousands ifnot maybe millions of people. "Off The Beaten Track." Last Saturday morning in New York City, a group of volunteers from Our Lady of Guadalupe Catholic Church at St. Bernards were undeterred as snow drifted down and the temperature dropped to 33 degrees. She was celebrated by the U.S. Chicano civil rights movement in the 1960s and 70s, and she has been seen more recently in immigrant rights and Black Lives Matter marches. In fact, he was so ill that by the following morning, Juan felt compelled to fetch a priest to administer Last Rites. There is an acknowledgement of the long history of who she was before the Catholic Church imposed itself on Mexico. Unfortunately, it was not to be. the procession wound its way through Manhattans Chelsea neighborhood, the marchers reciting novenas, or prayers, singing songs, and drawing a mixture of curious and confused looks. Depiction of Our Lady of Guadalupe adorns a wall in Los Angeles, California. Since then, this image has been known as Our Lady of Guadalupe. In Christianity, for us, Our Lady signifies a lot, said Father Juan Antonio Gutierrez of Our Lady of Guadalupe Church in El Paso, Texas. For the working poor and the elderly poor, he said, her images are everywherein outdoor garden capillas (miniature grottos), on refrigerator doors and on calendars distributed by panaderias, makers of Mexican pastries. In a miraculous sign, her image appeared on Juan Diegos tilma, a piece of fragile fabric, which he carried to the local bishop to prove her apparitions. She again refused and told him that the next day she would give him a sign which would convince the bishop of the truth of his story. Thus, in an example of what must be the most successful can you help me with my research survey of all time, the Jesuit Wilhelm Gumppenberg, having asked Jesuit houses around the globe to inform him of any local devotions to the Virgin Mary in their surrounding communities, published a second edition of his Atlas Marianus in 1672 which tallied some 1200 distinct cults of the Virgin. Portrait artist Glenn Taylor has pointed out that the part in the Virgins hair is off-center; that her eyes, including the irises, have outlines, as they often do in paintings, but not in nature, and that these outlines appear to have been done with a brush; and that much other evidence suggests the picture was probably copied by an inexpert artist from an expertly done original. I have been part of the ACI Prensa team for more than 10 years. Is Our Lady of Guadalupe a Catholic adaptation of an Aztec goddess? It's imprinted on there, it's a print as such, he noted. do;UfVRodyqL]=-Zv/q3s . "Th mantle is a dark torquois blue . It is at this point in the text that Francisco de Siles indicates what in all probability was the reason for the audacious petition and what buoyed them with the hope of success before the papal court. The most notable feature of the robe is its remarkable luminosity. PeggyNoonan.com. There are other points I could look up because I studied it in history a couple of years ago. Roman Catholics in Mexico and elsewhere in Latin America believe that the Virgin Mary appeared to Juan Diego, an Aztec convert to Catholicism, in the 16th century. Accessed 11 August 2017. %PDF-1.2 % Throughout the Southwestwhere many Mexican Americans and other Latinos liveworshipers show their devotion in other ways, even during a coronavirus pandemic that is now stretching into its second year. Alot of times, people tend to dumb down all of humanity. The shrine was located illegally on public property and its removal should not come as a surprise, Lora said. "lnek Titullta A NASA A Guadalupei Szzanya Kegykpet." Does the Virgin of Guadalupe float on the mantilla? This may have already been mentioned: Kim LaCapria is a former writer for Snopes. This image has been the tool to convert thousands . Mel, This story was originally published on CNA on Dec 12, 2019. (For example, some claim to have discovered faces, including that of Juan Diego in the magnified weave of the Virgins eyes-evidence of nothing more than the pious imaginations ability to perceive images, inkblot-like, in random shapes) (Nickell and Fischer 1985). December 12, 2016 | It is true, music comes forth from the image of the Virgin of Guadalupe, he affirmed. Can words be seen on the image of the Virgin of Guadalupe? As in the case of the blue mantle, the shadowing of the pink robe is blended into the paint layer and no drawing or sketch is evident under the pink pigment. Was there recently a light miraculously projected on the womb of the Virgin of Guadalupe? The cloth that her image was painted on always deteriorated within a very short amount of time because it was not very durable (I think it was something like 20 years that it usually lasted). Matrix Drops. In the Middle Ages it was disputed by scholastic theologians, its most prominent advocate being Blessed John Duns Scotus. The death of Alexander VII in 1667 doomed the petition, especially given his successors opposition to the idea. Two popes had even given it a Golden Rose. These were cultural elites of mixed ancestry who were proud of their heritage and wished to distinguish themselves not only from their Spanish rulers but also from the cultural elites of European ancestry both in Spain and in New Spain. "I have spoken with many historians. August 17, 2017 by sd. Young volunteers dressed as Juan Diego, before our Lady of Guadalupe procession in New York City. Rosales concluded that the image did not originate supernaturally but was instead the work of an artist who used the materials and methods of the sixteenth century (El Vaticano 2002). Miracles such as these are not intended to be the Foundation and Proof for anyone's faith. Given the tremendous devotion that the Virgin of Guadalupe enjoys to this day, it was a risk well worth taking. Rosales examined the cloth with a stereomicroscope and observed that the canvas appeared to be a mixture of linen and hemp or cactus fiber. They honor her in pilgrimages and serenatas, most notably one carried live on Spanish-language television from the basilica. ~ Philip S. Callahan, "The Tilma Under Infa-Red Radiation," [i]CARA Studies on Popular Devotion, Volume II: Guadalupan Studies,[/i] No 3 (Washington, 1981) pp. "Four Awesome Facts About Our Lady Of Guadalupe." Snopes and the Snopes.com logo are registered service marks of Snopes.com, In August 2017, NASA scientists declared that Mexico's "Our Lady of Guadalupe" artifact is "living. Our Lady of Guadalupe Is a Powerful Symbol of Mexican Identity, Voices: Growing Up With Our Lady Of Guadalupe. | David Ramos/CNA, 'God really intervened': How a Catholic priest escaped from his kidnappers in Haiti. Which is exactly backwards from how their much vaunted "scientific method" is supposed to work. They visit shrines and chapels and leave written petitions and photos near Our Ladys portraits and statues. Our Lady of Guadalupe has at times been utilized as a social justice icon, her image evoked by everyone from Cesar Chavez in the 1970s to immigration reform activists in the 2000s. University of Notre Dame, McGrath Institute for Church Life We therefore celebrate the feast day of Our Lady under the title of Guadalupe on December 12th. On the back of it is a Mexican flag. He has written for The New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, The Christian Science Monitor, Texas Monthly and the Huffington Post. Twice Juan Diego reported her appearance to his local bishop, who did not believe him. He knew that the quickest way to do so would bring him right back to the spot where he had met the Lady three days before. Nothing should frighten or grieve you, Our Lady said to Juan Diego, as documented in a 16th-century account written in the Nahuatl language. Phatmass.com This story was originally published by ACI Prensa, CNA's Spanish language news partner. There is also obvious cracking and flaking of paint all along a vertical seam, and the infrared photos reveal in the robes fold what appear to be sketch lines, suggesting that an artist roughed out the figure before painting it. Please visit ourmembership pageto learn how you can invest in our work by subscribing to the magazine or making a donation. the image was studied by an optometrist who concluded that that's exactly the way a human eye would reflect the person if it was an obvious image o Nickell, Joe. Your monthly donation will help our team continue reporting the truth, with fairness, integrity, and fidelity to Jesus Christ and his Church. "Indigenista Hermeneutics And The Historical Meaning Of Our Lady Of Guadalupe Of Mexico ." Misioneros columbanos reparten alimento a diario a 600 personas en espera de cruzar a EEUU. The Indian Maya blue wall paintings are already badly faded. How does science explain its existence after 500 years? Catholics, non-Catholics and even non-believers have found comfort in her, even when she is not on an altar or a church but emblazoned on a pair of dangling earrings or on a muscular forearm. Around 1524, he was baptized by Friar Peter da Gand, an early Franciscan missionary. And when it was by words she spoke in Nhuatl through Juan Diego who later translated, he said. Dunning, Brian. [img]http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/06/Foo.jpg[/img] Where are Catholics allowed to eat corned beef on St. Patricks Day this Lent? June 1, 2002. After analyzing the image in 1982 and 1985 they have discovered brush strokes and paint that was used to make the image. . The artist used a very limited palette, the expert stated, consisting of black (from pine soot), white, blue, green, various earth colors ("tierras), reds (including carmine), and gold. 9-15. The Pope has visited the shrine, and in 1990 beatified Diego, the first step to making him a saint. She wanted this indigenous neophyte to go to the bishop and make this request. A 2010 Skeptoid item summarized Callahan's findings less sensationally (transposing the date of the research in 1979 [PDF] with its publication in 1981), adding that subsequent analysis did not support any supernatural elements: The most notable examination was a three hour infrared photographic session by Philip Callahan in 1981, who did note multiple layers of paint covering changes to the hands and crown, but came away with more questions than answers. JUREZ, Mxico (Border Report) Mientras copos de nieve caan You can either click on the link in your confirmation email or simply re-enter your email address below to confirm it. Maria Alava, 50, of Union City, N.J., who works at a butcher shop in Manhattan, snapped photographs after Mass on Sunday. Callahan found, for example, that most of the entire painting seemed to have been done with a single brush stroke. Folklore Forum. From New Jersey.com: Vandals couldnt destroy it, and numerous storms couldnt harm it, but the shrine to Our Lady of Guadalupe in Copyright 2023. In subtleness of form, simplicity of execution, hue and coloring, it has few equals among the masterpieces of the world. Brading, Mexican Phoenix. `nPU`G1#_N-0~"tVO^A Z-5OX$dNe<5s8u{W:{uz-{#;vt+b4z-4{ut|/&|#a+-Ywt),UTEj[j fr/bm;+vQjEB\J>^rK$j]gOuZ21R}qRErlEZS>4>+KdQ,i"7c jY They could be completely disproved today, and it would matter nothing to me. He is a graduate of the University of Notre Dame's Medieval Institute and the author of the two-volumeGerard of Abbeville, Secular Master, on Knowledge, Wisdom and Contemplation. @NBCLatino pic.twitter.com/0gtKF2aRxa. (Photo by Keara Hanlon), Were sorry registration isn't working smoothly for you. Those words only begin to examine her complex role and what a faithful man like Juan Diego might have seen in his lifetimeas people were dying at the hands of Spanish conquistadors or suffered slower deaths to diseases introduced by the Spanish. We can't do it without youAmerica Media relies on generous support from our readers. Nor are there two or three images placed one on top of the other, as some claim, he explained. You see , every time there are paranormal claims made there are scientist eager to study them. qb/^x|U\0qPq-2V=$(ISYr_8{JNfBWi6luL]lj*!ORAe-\3$# O`L$f jg.Hivksc\vTEsuFZb7XzyYo=|+P&%H|5x{P?C;j~PL,ObdX=6VDoUKb p=n-RsoAY)g1sVF}i'l! TD0zGSjHE/ludFt6`3g0T/ LF$rZ=6bYQT7Wc n[8/Q{)N4U qrvge!0H;.=[9L#I,q9Y$(c{8NlWdM Devotees believe Juan Diegos tilma and the one in the Mexico City basilica built in Our Lady of Guadalupes honor are one and the same. WebThe painting of Guadalupe is a parody of her image which is in Fuenterrabla Spain, which is in turn a parody of Byzantine images of decadence. [1] A more detailed examination of what follows can be found in my forthcoming article: The Historica narratio (1663) of Our Lady of Guadalupe by Francisco de Siles: A Study and Transcription of the Latin Text in Chig. Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. One of the main problems with this period in the history of the devotion to the Virgin of Guadalupe is a lack of documentary sources. Chvez said the idea that the image was painted by human hands is simply and plainly impossible, because among other important details, St. Juan Diego's tilma doesn't even have any brushstrokes on it..

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