So I think it's an incredible tragedy that we're losing all of this linguistic diversity, all of this cultural diversity because it is human heritage. If you still cant find the episode, try looking through our most recent shows on our homepage. You're also not going to do algebra. The fun example I give my students is imagine playing the hokey pokey in a language like this. Purpose can also boost our health and longevity. Hidden Brain - Transcripts Hidden Brain - Transcripts Subscribe 435 episodes Share Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships. Updated privacy policy: We have made some changes to our Privacy Policy. It Takes Two: The Interpersonal Nature of Empathic Accuracy, by Jamil Zaki, Niall Bolger, Kevin Ochsner, Psychological Science, 2008. My Unsung Hero: A belated thank you : NPR He's also the author of the book, "Words On The Move: Why English Won't - And Can't - Sit Still (Like, Literally).". You can't know, but you can certainly know that if could listen to people 50 years from now, they'd sound odd. This is Hidden Brain. But, if you dig a little deeper, you may find that they share much more: they might make the same amount of money as you, or share the, We all have to make certain choices in life, such as where to live and how to earn a living. What a cynical thing to say, but that doesn't mean that it might not be true. Today in our Happiness 2.0 series, we revisit a favorite episode from 2020. VEDANTAM: I understand there's been some work looking at children and that children who speak certain languages are actually quicker to identify gender and their own gender than children who are learning other languages in other cultures. VEDANTAM: Many of us have dictionaries at home or at work, John. But what we should teach is not that the good way is logical and the way that you're comfortable doing it is illogical. You can't touch time. It's natural to want to run away from difficult emotions such as grief, anger and fear. Young people have always used language in new and different ways, and it's pretty much always driven older people crazy. Later things are on the right. So new words are as likely to evolve as old ones. We all have to make certain choices in life, such as where to live and how to earn a living. How else would you do it? If you prefer to listen through a podcast app, here are links to our podcast on Apple, Spotify, and Stitcher. I just don't want to do it. VEDANTAM: This episode of HIDDEN BRAIN was produced by Rhaina Cohen, Maggie Penman and Thomas Lu with help from Renee Klahr, Jenny Schmidt, Parth Shah and Chloe Connelly. So LOL starts out as meaning hardy-har-har (ph), but then it becomes something more abstract. Put this image on your website to promote the show -, Happiness 2.0: The Only Way Out Is Through, Report inappropriate content or request to remove this page. How to Foster Perceived Partner Responsiveness: High-Quality LIstening is Key, by Guy Itzchakov, Harry Reis, and Netta Weinstein, Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2021. And they asked me all kinds of questions about them. Parents and peers influence our major life choices. But it turns out humans can stay oriented really, really well, provided that their language and culture requires them to keep track of this information. MCWHORTER: Yes, Shankar, that's exactly it. We don't want to be like that. SHANKAR VEDANTAM, HOST:This is HIDDEN BRAIN. Something new will have started by then, just like if we listen to people in 1971, they sound odd in that they don't say like as much as we do. VEDANTAM: If you're bilingual or you're learning a new language, you get what Jennifer, experienced - the joy of discovering a phrase that helps you perfectly encapsulate a. feeling or an experience. But actually, it's something that's not so hard to learn. I had this cool experience when I was there. Which I think is probably important with the reality that this edifice that you're teaching is constantly crumbling. Whats going on here? Copyright Hidden Brain Media | Privacy Policy, Freely Determined: What the New Psychology of the Self Teaches Us About How to Live, Going the Distance on the Pacific Crest Trail: The Vital Role of Identified Motivation, Athletic Scholarships are Negatively Associated with Intrinsic Motivation for Sports, Even Decades Later: Evidence for Long-Term Undermining, Rightly Crossing the Rubicon: Evaluating Goal Self-Concordance Prior to Selection Helps People Choose More Intrinsic Goals, What Makes Lawyers Happy? The only question was in which way. There are different ways to be a psychologist. Many of us rush through our lives, chasing goals and just trying to get everything done. And why do some social movements take off and spread, while others fizzle? You can search for the episode or browse all episodes on our Archive Page. VEDANTAM: Languages orient us to the world. We can't help, as literate people, thinking that the real language is something that sits still with letters written all nice and pretty on a page that can exist for hundreds of years, but that's not what language has ever been. What Makes Lawyers Happy? So for example, you might not imagine the color shirt that he's wearing or the kinds of shoes that he's wearing. and pick the featured episodes for your show. So what happens is that once literally comes to feel like it means really, people start using it in figurative constructions such as I was literally dying of thirst. Many of us rush through our days, weeks, and lives, chasing goals, and just trying to get everything done. Of course, if you can't keep track of exactly seven, you can't count. But it's so hard to feel that partly because our brains are on writing, as I say in the book. As soon as you move the leg, it becomes a different leg. VEDANTAM: Our conversation made me wonder about what this means on a larger scale. Happiness 2.0: The Only Way Out Is Through. VEDANTAM: So this begs the question, if you were to put languages on something of a spectrum, where you have, you know, languages like Spanish or Hindi where nouns are gendered and languages like English where many nouns are not gendered but pronouns are gendered, and on the other end of the spectrum, you have languages like Finnish or Persian where you can have a conversation about someone without actually mentioning their gender, it would seem surprising if this did not translate, at some level, into the way people thought about gender in their daily activities, in terms of thinking about maybe even who can do what in the workplace. And if you can enjoy it as a parade instead of wondering why people keep walking instead of just sitting on chairs and blowing on their tubas and not moving, then you have more fun. Language is something that's spoken, and spoken language especially always keeps changing. Please do not republish our logo, name or content digitally or distribute to more than 10 people without written permission. Copyright 2023 Steno. How to Really Know Another Person - Transcripts This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Many people have this intuition that, oh, I could never learn that; I could never survive in a community like this. How so? Does Legal Education Have Undermining Effects on Law Students? But it's exactly like - it was maybe about 20 years ago that somebody - a girlfriend I had told me that if I wore pants that had little vertical pleats up near the waist, then I was conveying that I was kind of past it. But might we allow that there's probably a part of all human beings that wants to look down on somebody else. So it's, VEDANTAM: The moment she heard it, Jennifer realized mendokusai was incredibly. If you grew up speaking a language other than English, you probably reach for words in your native tongue without even thinking about it. And after listening to you, I realize I might have to finally give in. Physicist Richard Feynman once said, "The first principle is that you must not fool yourself, and you are the easiest person to fool." One way we fool ourselves is by imagining we know more than we do; we think we are experts. You can search for the episode or browse all episodes on our Archive Page. UNIDENTIFIED ACTOR #2: (As character) Right. Imagine this. I'm Shankar Vedanta. And one thing that we've noticed is that around the world, people rely on space to organize time. But if they were sitting facing north, they would lay out the story from right to left. Lost In Translation- Hidden Brain Podcast Transcript .pdf I'm Shankar Vedantam, and you're listening to HIDDEN BRAIN. It is the very fabric, the very core of your experience. You can run experiments in a lab or survey people on the street. And this is NPR. We love the idea of Hidden Brain helping to spark discussions in your community. . And maybe the convenience store or the shop is really not that far away. But that can blind us to a very simple source of joy that's all around us. It turns out, as you point out, that in common usage, literally literally means the opposite of literally. What Do You Do When Things Go Right? And so, for example, can I get a hamburger? And, I mean, just in terms of even sounds changing and the way that you put words together changing bit by bit, and there's never been a language that didn't do that. I'm Shankar Vedantam. Hidden Brain: You 2.0: Cultivating Your Purpose on Apple Podcasts Transcript Speaker 1 00:00:00 this is hidden brain. Many of us believe that hard work and persistence are the key to achieving our goals. We talk with psychologist Iris Mauss, who explains why happiness Why do some companies become household names, while others flame out? Hidden Brain - You 2.0: Cultivating Your Purpose - Google Podcasts Growing up, I understood this word to mean for a very short time, as in John McWhorter was momentarily surprised. And it's just too much of an effort, and you can't be bothered to do it, even though it's such a small thing. John is a professor of English and comparative literature at Columbia University. ADAM COLE, BYLINE: (Singing) You put your southwest leg in, and you shake it all about. Take the word bridge - if it's feminine in your language, you're more likely to say that bridges are beautiful and elegant. I think it's a really fascinating question for future research. The authoritative record of NPRs programming is the audio record. We're speaking today with cognitive science professor Lera Boroditsky about language. Transcript Podcast: Subscribe to the Hidden Brain Podcast on your favorite podcast player so you never miss an episode. VEDANTAM: As someone who spends a lot of his time listening to language evolve, John hears a lot of slang. In this week's My Unsung Hero, Sarah Feldman thanks someone for their gift more than 20 years ago. JENNIFER GEACONE-CRUZ: My name is Jennifer Geacone-Cruz. VEDANTAM: I understand that there's also been studies looking at how artists who speak different languages might paint differently depending on how their languages categorize, you know, concepts like a mountain or death. There's been a little bit of research from economists actually looking at this. VEDANTAM: The moment she heard it, Jennifer realized mendokusai was incredibly useful. - you would have to say something like, my arm got broken, or it so happened to me that my arm is broken. So if you took a bunch of those tendencies, you could make up, say, the English of 50 years from now, but some of the things would just be complete chance. GEACONE-CRUZ: And I ended up living there for 10 years. And then if you are going to be that elliptical, why use the casual word get? Our transcripts are provided by various partners and may contain errors or deviate slightly from the audio. It's inherent. It's natural to want to run away from difficult emotions such as grief, anger and fear. June 20, 2020 This week on Hidden Brain, research about prejudices so deeply buried, we often doubt their existence. Happiness 2.0: Surprising Sources of Joy | Hidden Brain Media "Most of the laughter we produce is purely . And if that is true, then the educated person can look down on people who say Billy and me went to the store or who are using literally, quote, unquote, "wrong" and condemn them in the kinds of terms that once were ordinary for condemning black people or women or what have you. Those are quirks of grammar literally in stone. So for example, grammatical gender - because grammatical gender applies to all nouns in your language, that means that language is shaping the way you think about everything that can be named by a noun. So for example, English speakers, because they're very likely to say, he did it or someone did it, they are very good at remembering who did it, even if it's an accident. And I was telling this person about someone I knew back in America. Just saying hello was difficult. (Speaking Japanese). Many of us believe that hard work and persistence are the key to achieving our goals. Lera said there's still a lot of research to be done on this. out. But what happens when these feelings catch up with us? This week, in the final . It's exactly how old English turned into modern English. He's a professor of English and comparative literature at Columbia University and the author of the book "Words On The Move: Why English Won't - And Can't - Sit Still (Like, Literally).". Hidden Brain. BORODITSKY: And Russian is a language that has grammatical gender, and different days of the week have different genders for some reason. Hidden Brain | Hidden Brain Media And if you teach them that forks go with women, they start to think that forks are more feminine. But is that true when it comes to the pursuit of happiness? Many of us rush through our days, weeks, and lives, chasing goals, and just trying to get everything done. Why researchers should think real-world: A conceptual rationale, by Harry T. Reis, in Handbook of Research Methods for Studying Daily Life, 2012. 00:51:58 - We all have to make certain choices in life, such as where to live and how to earn a living. The transcript below may be for an earlier version of this episode. Personal Strivings: An Approach to Personality and Subjective Well-being, by Robert A. Emmons, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1986. Social Functionalist Frameworks for Judgment and Choice: Intuitive Politicians, Theologians, and Prosecutors, by Philip Tetlock, Psychology Review, 2002. I'm Shankar Vedantam. Our transcripts are provided by various partners and may contain errors or deviate slightly from the audio. Subscribe to the Hidden Brain Podcast on your favorite podcast player so you never miss an episode. Interpersonal Chemistry: What Is It, How Does It Emerge, and How Does it Operate? He. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #16: Not figuratively, it's literally MCWHORTER: Yeah. Our transcripts are provided by various partners and may contain errors or deviate slightly from the audio. Maybe it's, even less than 100 meters away, but you just can't bring yourself to even throw your, coat on over your pajamas, and put your boots on, and go outside and walk those, hundred meters because somehow it would break the coziness, and it's just too much of, an effort, and you can't be bothered to do it, even though it's such a small thing. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #2: (Speaking foreign language). Imagine how we would sound to them if they could hear us. Transcript - How language shapes the way we think by Lera Boroditsky.docx, The Singapore Quality Award requires organisations to show outstanding results, The following lots of Commodity Z were available for sale during the year, b The authors identify 5 types of misinformation in the abstract but discuss 7, 17 Chow N Asian value and aged care Geriatr Gerontol Int 20044521 5 18 Chow NWS, Writing Results and Discussion Example.docx, A 6 month old infant weighing 15 lb is admitted with a diagnosis of dehydration, ng_Question_-_Assessment_1_-_Proposing_Evidence-Based_Change.doc, The Social Security checks the Government sends to grandmothers are considered A, 03 If a covered member participates on the clients attest engagement or is an, AURETR143 Student Assessment - Theory v1.1.docx. Whats going on here? The best Podcast API to search all podcasts and episodes. No matter how hard you try to feel happier, you end up back where you started. But somehow they've managed, not just by randomly bumping into each other. : A Data-Driven Prescription to Redefine Professional Success, Does Legal Education Have Undermining Effects on Law Students? Transcript 585: In Defense of Ignorance Note: This American Life is produced for the ear and designed to be heard. I'm Shankar Vedantam. So some languages don't have number words. I saw this bird's-eye view, and I was this little red dot. And so to address that question, what we do is we bring English speakers into the lab, and we teach them grammatical genders in a new language that we invent. When we come back, I'm going to ask you about why languages change and whether there are hidden rules that shape why some words are more likely to evolve than others. Subscribe to the Hidden Brain Podcast on your favorite podcast player so you never miss an episode. Our transcripts are provided by various partners and may contain errors or deviate slightly from the audio. And what's cool about languages, like the languages spoken in Pormpuraaw, is that they don't use words like left and right, and instead, everything is placed in cardinal directions like north, south, east and west. Today, we explore the many facets of this idea. So for example, for English speakers - people who read from left to right - time tends to flow from left to right. But, in fact, they were reflecting this little quirk of grammar, this little quirk of their language and in some cases, you know, carving those quirks of grammar into stone because when you look at statues that we have around - of liberty and justice and things like this - they have gender. And so for me, that question was born in that conversation of are there some languages where it's easier to imagine a person without their characteristics of gender filled in? When we come back, we dig further into the way that gender works in different languages and the pervasive effects that words can play in our lives. All rights reserved. VEDANTAM: Time is another concept that is also central to the way we see and describe the world. GEACONE-CRUZ: And I ended up living there for 10 years. This week, we continue our look at the science of influence with psychologist Robert Cialdini, and explore how these techniques can be used for both good and evil. But if you ask bilinguals, who have learned two languages and now they know that some genders disagree across the two languages, they're much less likely to say that it's because chairs are intrinsically masculine. That's how much cultural heritage is lost. It takes, GEACONE-CRUZ: It's this phrase that describes something between I can't be, bothered or I don't want to do it or I recognize the incredible effort that goes into.

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